---
title: Historically, Nauruans kept household gardens that provided much of… — Nauru · tree and pragmatics
description: Historically, Nauruans kept household gardens that provided much of the food that they needed through subsistence farming, with the most common food plants including coconuts, breadfruit, bananas, pandanus, papaya, and guavas. Who acts: Nauruans, household gardens, Nauruan. A sentence of Wikipedia's
---

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# Nauru, sentence 264

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From Wikipedia, [«Nauru»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Historically, Nauruans kept household gardens that provided much of the food that they needed through subsistence farming, with the most common food plants including coconuts, breadfruit, bananas, pandanus, papaya, and guavas.

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**Who acts:** Nauruans, household gardens, Nauruan · **What happens:** keep, provide, need · **To what, where:** household gardens, much, subsistence farming

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nauru». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nauruans, household gardens, Nauruan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nauru:264
# text = Historically, Nauruans kept household gardens that provided much of the food that they needed through subsistence farming, with the most common food plants including coconuts, breadfruit, bananas, pandanus, papaya, and guavas.
1	Historically	historically	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Nauruans	Nauruan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	subsistence	subsistence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	23	advmod	_	_
23	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
26	including	including	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	coconuts	coconut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	breadfruit	breadfruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	pandanus	pandanus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	papaya	papaya	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	guavas	guava	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Nauruans | household gardens |  |  |  | guavas *obl*; historically *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Theme |
| 2 | **provide** | past | household gardens | much of the food |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition much=Theme |
| 3 | **need** | past | Nauruan |  |  | subsistence farming |  | with the common food plants including coconuts | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nauru», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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