---
title: Most early English literature was obtained from Britain, and it was… — New Zealand · tree and pragmatics
description: Most early English literature was obtained from Britain, and it was not until the 1950s when local publishing outlets increased that New Zealand literature started to become widely known. Who acts: literature, 1950s, Zealand literature. A sentence of Wikipedia's «New Zealand» with its dependency tre
---

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# New Zealand, sentence 390

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From Wikipedia, [«New Zealand»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Most early English literature was obtained from Britain, and it was not until the 1950s when local publishing outlets increased that New Zealand literature started to become widely known.

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**Who acts:** literature, 1950s, Zealand literature · **What happens:** obtain, not be, publish, increase, start, become · **To what, where:** Most early English literature, Britain

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «New Zealand». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (literature, 1950s, Zealand literature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:New_Zealand:390
# text = Most early English literature was obtained from Britain, and it was not until the 1950s when local publishing outlets increased that New Zealand literature started to become widely known.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
2	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
14	until	until	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	1950s	1950	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	21	nsubj	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
18	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	publishing	publish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	outlets	outlet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	increased	increase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
24	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obtain** | past · passive |  | Most early English literature |  | Britain |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from britain=Source |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | literature |  |  |  | until the 1950s |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **publish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **increase** | past | the 1950s |  |  |  |  | local publishing outlets *nsubj* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **start** | past | Zealand literature |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **become** | to-infinitive | Zealand literature *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **know** | participle | Zealand literature *not said here* |  |  |  |  | widely *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «New Zealand», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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