---
title: During its 16 months of operation, expenses had exceeded US$30,000,… — Ngerulmud · tree and pragmatics
description: During its 16 months of operation, expenses had exceeded US$30,000, while revenues, mainly from stamps, were less than $2,000. Who acts: expenses. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ngerulmud» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ngerulmud, sentence 18

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From Wikipedia, [«Ngerulmud»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngerulmud), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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During its 16 months of operation, expenses had exceeded US$30,000, while revenues, mainly from stamps, were less than $2,000.

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**Who acts:** expenses · **What happens:** exceed, be · **To what, where:** stamps

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ngerulmud». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (expenses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ngerulmud:18
# text = During its 16 months of operation, expenses had exceeded US$30,000, while revenues, mainly from stamps, were less than $2,000.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	expenses	expense	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	exceeded	exceed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	$	$	SYM	$	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	30,000	30,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	revenues	revenue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	25	advmod	_	_
24	than	than	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	$	$	SYM	$	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exceed** | past · perfect | expenses |  |  |  | month | while revenues | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  | stamps |  | less, mainly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ngerulmud», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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