---
title: In 1993, the year Mahamane Ousmane became the first democratically e… — Niamey · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1993, the year Mahamane Ousmane became the first democratically elected president, Niamey had high rates of poverty and unemployment as public-sector jobs decreased. Who acts: Mahamane, Niamey. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niamey» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niamey, sentence 128

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From Wikipedia, [«Niamey»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niamey), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1993, the year Mahamane Ousmane became the first democratically elected president, Niamey had high rates of poverty and unemployment as public-sector jobs decreased.

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**Who acts:** Mahamane, Niamey · **What happens:** become, elect, have, decrease · **To what, where:** first elected president, 1993, high rates, sector jobs

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mahamane, Niamey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niamey:128
# text = In 1993, the year Mahamane Ousmane became the first democratically elected president, Niamey had high rates of poverty and unemployment as public-sector jobs decreased.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1993	1993	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:desc	_	_
6	Mahamane	Mahamane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	Ousmane	Ousmane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
11	democratically	democratically	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	Niamey	Niamey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
17	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	rates	rate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	sector	sector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
28	decreased	decrease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | Mahamane  the year | the first elected president |  |  |  | in 1993 *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1993=Result |
| 2 | **elect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | democratically *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | past | Niamey | high rates of poverty and unemployment |  |  |  | as sector jobs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rate=Patient |
| 4 | **decrease** | participle |  | sector jobs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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