---
title: The government ran radio broadcasts in the city since independence;… — Niamey · tree and pragmatics
description: The government ran radio broadcasts in the city since independence; the Office of Radio and Television of Niger was formed in 1967 to broadcast government propaganda, which continued until democratisation in 1990. Who acts: government, government propaganda. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niamey» with i
---

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# Niamey, sentence 375

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From Wikipedia, [«Niamey»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niamey), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The government ran radio broadcasts in the city since independence; the Office of Radio and Television of Niger was formed in 1967 to broadcast government propaganda, which continued until democratisation in 1990.

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**Who acts:** government, government propaganda · **What happens:** run, form, broadcast, continue · **To what, where:** radio broadcasts, city, Office, 1967, government propaganda, 1990

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (government, government propaganda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niamey:375
# text = The government ran radio broadcasts in the city since independence; the Office of Radio and Television of Niger was formed in 1967 to broadcast government propaganda, which continued until democratisation in 1990.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	broadcasts	broadcast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	since	since	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Office	Office	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Radio	Radio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Television	Television	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Niger	Niger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	1967	1967	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	broadcast	broadcast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
26	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	until	until	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	democratisation	democratisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	1990	1990	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the government | radio broadcasts |  | the city | since independence |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent broadcast=Theme in city=Trajectory |
| 2 | **form** | past · passive |  | the Office of Radio and Television of Niger |  | 1967 |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **broadcast** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | government propaganda |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent propaganda=Topic |
| 4 | **continue** | past | government propaganda |  |  | 1990 | until democratisation |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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