---
title: Standpipes are the cheapest source of water, with a cost of 15 franc… — Niamey · tree and pragmatics
description: Standpipes are the cheapest source of water, with a cost of 15 francs (3 US cents) for 25 litres, as of 2014. Who acts: Standpipes. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niamey» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/465/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Niamey](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/) / 465

# Niamey, sentence 465

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Niamey»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niamey), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standpipes are the cheapest source of water, with a cost of 15 francs (3 US cents) for 25 litres, as of 2014.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Standpipes · **What happens:** be, cost · **To what, where:** cheapest source, 15 francs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Standpipes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niamey:465
# text = Standpipes are the cheapest source of water, with a cost of 15 francs (3 US cents) for 25 litres, as of 2014.
1	Standpipes	standpipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cheapest	cheap	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	francs	franc	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	26	case	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Standpipes | the cheapest source |  |  |  | of water; a cost of 15 francs for 25 litres *parataxis*; 2014 *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cost** |  |  | 15 francs |  |  |  | for 25 litres | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient for=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 464](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/464/)
- next →: [sentence 466](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/466/)
- ↑ back to [Niamey](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/)