---
title: SEEN began operating the city's water utility in 2001, under a plan… — Niamey · tree and pragmatics
description: SEEN began operating the city's water utility in 2001, under a plan from the World Bank. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niamey» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niamey, sentence 493

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From Wikipedia, [«Niamey»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niamey), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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SEEN began operating the city's water utility in 2001, under a plan from the World Bank.

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**What happens:** see, begin, operate · **To what, where:** water utility, 2001

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niamey:493
# text = SEEN began operating the city's water utility in 2001, under a plan from the World Bank.
1	SEEN	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	csubj:pass	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	operating	operate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	utility	utility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2001	2001	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Bank	Bank	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **operate** | gerund |  | the city's water utility |  | 2001 |  | under a plan from the World Bank | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Theme utility=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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