---
title: In the 1940s, the administration used taxation and forced labour to… — Niamey · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 1940s, the administration used taxation and forced labour to disincentivise immigration to the city. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niamey» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niamey, sentence 80

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From Wikipedia, [«Niamey»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niamey), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 1940s, the administration used taxation and forced labour to disincentivise immigration to the city.

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**What happens:** use, force, disincentivise · **To what, where:** immigration, used taxation

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niamey:80
# text = In the 1940s, the administration used taxation and forced labour to disincentivise immigration to the city.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1940s	1940	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	disincentivise	disincentivise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
14	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **disincentivise** | to-infinitive |  | immigration |  |  |  | to the city | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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