---
title: However, the Broad Front for Democracy (FAD), having promoted boycot… — Nicaragua · tree and pragmatics
description: However, the Broad Front for Democracy (FAD), having promoted boycotts of the elections, claimed that 70% of voters had abstained (while election officials claimed 65.8% participation). Who acts: having, election officials. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nicaragua» with its dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# Nicaragua, sentence 165

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From Wikipedia, [«Nicaragua»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, the Broad Front for Democracy (FAD), having promoted boycotts of the elections, claimed that 70% of voters had abstained (while election officials claimed 65.8% participation).

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**Who acts:** having, election officials · **What happens:** have, promote, claim, abstain, boycott · **To what, where:** promoted boycotts, % participation, elections · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nicaragua». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (having, election officials), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nicaragua:165
# text = However, the Broad Front for Democracy (FAD), having promoted boycotts of the elections, claimed that 70% of voters had abstained (while election officials claimed 65.8% participation).
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Broad	Broad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Front	Front	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Democracy	Democracy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	FAD	fad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	csubj	_	_
13	promoted	promote	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	boycotts	boycott	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
19	claimed	claim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
21	70	70	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	abstained	abstain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
31	claimed	claim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	parataxis	_	_
32	65.8	65.8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	participation	participation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | promoted boycotts of the elections |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boycott=Patient |
| 2 | **promote** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn promote-102 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **claim** *speech: other* | past | having |  |  |  |  | however *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **abstain** | past · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **claim** *speech: other* | past | election officials | % participation |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent participation=Topic |
| 6 | **boycott** |  |  | the elections |  |  |  |  | nom boycott «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nicaragua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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