---
title: Bird life in the forests of the central region includes resplendent… — Nicaragua · tree and pragmatics
description: Bird life in the forests of the central region includes resplendent quetzals, goldfinches, hummingbirds, jays and toucanets. Who acts: Bird life. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nicaragua» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nicaragua, sentence 220

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From Wikipedia, [«Nicaragua»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Bird life in the forests of the central region includes resplendent quetzals, goldfinches, hummingbirds, jays and toucanets.

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**Who acts:** Bird life · **What happens:** include · **To what, where:** resplendent quetzals

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nicaragua». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bird life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nicaragua:220
# text = Bird life in the forests of the central region includes resplendent quetzals, goldfinches, hummingbirds, jays and toucanets.
1	Bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	resplendent	resplendent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	quetzals	quetzal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	goldfinches	goldfinch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	hummingbirds	hummingbird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	jays	jay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	toucanets	toucanet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Bird life in the forests of the central region | resplendent quetzals and goldfinches and hummingbirds and jays and toucanets |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quetzal=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nicaragua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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