--- title: Therefore, the literal translation of Nicanahuac is "here surrounded… — Nicaragua · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore, the literal translation of Nicanahuac is "here surrounded by water", which corraborates the theory that the etymology refers to the large bodies of water in and around the country, the Pacific Ocean, lakes Nicaragua and Xolotlan, and the rivers and lagoons. Who acts: water, etymology, Nic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nicaragua/23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Nicaragua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nicaragua/) / 23 # Nicaragua, sentence 23 From Wikipedia, [«Nicaragua»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. Therefore, the literal translation of Nicanahuac is "here surrounded by water", which corraborates the theory that the etymology refers to the large bodies of water in and around the country, the Pacific Ocean, lakes Nicaragua and Xolotlan, and the rivers and lagoons. **Who acts:** water, etymology, Nicanahuac · **What happens:** surround, corraborate, refer in, translate · **To what, where:** literal translation, theory This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nicaragua». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, etymology, Nicanahuac), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Nicaragua:23 # text = Therefore, the literal translation of Nicanahuac is "here surrounded by water", which corraborates the theory that the etymology refers to the large bodies of water in and around the country, the Pacific Ocean, lakes Nicaragua and Xolotlan, and the rivers and lagoons. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 literal literal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 translation translation NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Nicanahuac Nicanahuac PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 11 advmod _ _ 11 surrounded surround VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 17 corraborates corraborate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 theory theory NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 that that SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 etymology etymology NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 refers refer VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 in in ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 around around ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 Pacific Pacific PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 Ocean Ocean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 40 lakes lake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 41 Nicaragua Nicaragua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 appos _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 Xolotlan Xolotlan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 lagoons lagoon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **surround** *in a quote* | present · passive | water | the literal translation of Nicanahuac | | here | | the rivers and lagoons *obl*; therefore *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | | 2 | **corraborate** | present | water | the theory | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **refer in** | present | the etymology | | | | | to the large bodies of water; the country *conj* | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to body=Co-Theme | | 4 | **translate** | | Nicanahuac | | | | | | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nicaragua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nicaragua/22/) - next →: [sentence 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nicaragua/24/) - ↑ back to [Nicaragua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nicaragua/)