---
title: The border with Britain's colony of Nigeria to the south was finalis… — Niger · tree and pragmatics
description: The border with Britain's colony of Nigeria to the south was finalised in 1910, a rough delimitation having already been agreed by the two powers via treaties during the period 1898–1906. Who acts: two powers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niger» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niger, sentence 104

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From Wikipedia, [«Niger»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The border with Britain's colony of Nigeria to the south was finalised in 1910, a rough delimitation having already been agreed by the two powers via treaties during the period 1898–1906.

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**Who acts:** two powers · **What happens:** finalis, agree · **To what, where:** border, 1910, rough delimitation

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two powers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niger:104
# text = The border with Britain's colony of Nigeria to the south was finalised in 1910, a rough delimitation having already been agreed by the two powers via treaties during the period 1898–1906.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	colony	colony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	finalised	finalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1910	1910	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	delimitation	delimitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	aux	_	_
21	already	already	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	agreed	agree	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	via	via	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	treaties	treaty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
30	during	during	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
33	1898	1898	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	35	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	1906	1906	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finalis** | past · passive |  | the border with Britain's colony of Nigeria to the south |  | 1910 |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | gerund · perfect · passive | the two powers via treaties | a rough delimitation |  |  | during the period |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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