---
title: A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the decline and margina… — Niger · tree and pragmatics
description: A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the decline and marginalisation of the north continued, exacerbated by a series of droughts. Who acts: French, decline, north. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niger» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niger, sentence 113

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From Wikipedia, [«Niger»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the decline and marginalisation of the north continued, exacerbated by a series of droughts.

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**Who acts:** French, decline, north · **What happens:** set up, continue, exacerbate, decline · **To what, where:** puppet sultan

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, decline, north), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niger:113
# text = A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the decline and marginalisation of the north continued, exacerbated by a series of droughts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	puppet	puppet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sultan	sultan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	marginalisation	marginalisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
18	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	droughts	drought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set up** | past · passive | the French | a puppet sultan |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result |
| 2 | **continue** | past | the decline of the north and marginalisation |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **exacerbate** | participle | the decline of the north and marginalisation *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by a series of droughts | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **decline** |  | the north |  |  |  |  |  | nom decline «process intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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