---
title: Tandja modified and adopted a new constitution by referendum, which… — Niger · tree and pragmatics
description: Tandja modified and adopted a new constitution by referendum, which was declared illegal by the Constitutional Court, prompting Tandja to dissolve the court and assume emergency powers. Who acts: Tandja, Constitutional Court. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niger» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niger, sentence 181

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From Wikipedia, [«Niger»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Tandja modified and adopted a new constitution by referendum, which was declared illegal by the Constitutional Court, prompting Tandja to dissolve the court and assume emergency powers.

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**Who acts:** Tandja, Constitutional Court · **What happens:** modify, adopt, declare, prompt, dissolve, assume · **To what, where:** new constitution, referendum, Tandja, court, emergency powers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tandja, Constitutional Court), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niger:181
# text = Tandja modified and adopted a new constitution by referendum, which was declared illegal by the Constitutional Court, prompting Tandja to dissolve the court and assume emergency powers.
1	Tandja	Tandja	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	modified	modify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	constitution	constitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	referendum	referendum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Constitutional	Constitutional	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Court	Court	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	prompting	prompt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
21	Tandja	Tandja	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	dissolve	dissolve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	assume	assume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
28	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | past | Tandja |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **adopt** | past | Tandja *not said here* | a new constitution |  |  |  | by referendum | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Theme |
| 3 | **declare** *speech: other* | past · passive | the Constitutional Court | referendum |  |  |  | illegal *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute |
| 4 | **prompt** | gerund | the Constitutional Court *not said here* | Tandja |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **dissolve** | to-infinitive | the Constitutional Court *not said here* | the court |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent court=Patient |
| 6 | **assume** | infinitive | the Constitutional Court *not said here* | emergency powers |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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