---
title: In 2005, Niger had received 100% multilateral debt relief from the I… — Niger · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2005, Niger had received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translates into the forgiveness of approximately US$86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC. Who acts: Niger, multilateral debt relief. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niger» with its depen
---

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# Niger, sentence 290

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From Wikipedia, [«Niger»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2005, Niger had received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translates into the forgiveness of approximately US$86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC.

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**Who acts:** Niger, multilateral debt relief · **What happens:** receive, relief, translate, exclude, remain · **To what, where:** 2005, IMF, forgiveness, remaining assistance, HIPC

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Niger, multilateral debt relief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niger:290
# text = In 2005, Niger had received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translates into the forgiveness of approximately US$86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2005	2005	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Niger	Niger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	multilateral	multilateral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	relief	relief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	IMF	imf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	translates	translate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	forgiveness	forgiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	$	$	SYM	$	_	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	86	86	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	compound	_	_
26	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	debts	debt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	IMF	imf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	excluding	exclude	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	36	amod	_	_
36	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	under	under	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	HIPC	HIPC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past · perfect | Niger |  |  | 2005 |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in 2005=Location |
| 2 | **relief** |  |  |  |  | the IMF |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **translate** | present | multilateral debt relief |  |  |  |  | into the forgiveness *result*; in debts; to the IMF | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into forgiveness=Result |
| 4 | **exclude** | gerund | multilateral debt relief *not said here* | the remaining assistance |  | HIPC |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer assistance=Theme |
| 5 | **remain** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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