---
title: as of, the population was, which has rapidly increased from 3.4 mill… — Niger · tree and pragmatics
description: as of, the population was, which has rapidly increased from 3.4 million in 1960 and has a current growth rate of 3.3% (7.1 children per mother). A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niger» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niger, sentence 298

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From Wikipedia, [«Niger»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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as of, the population was, which has rapidly increased from 3.4 million in 1960 and has a current growth rate of 3.3% (7.1 children per mother).

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**What happens:** increase, have · **To what, where:** 3.4 million, current growth rate

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niger:298
# text = as of, the population was, which has rapidly increased from 3.4 million in 1960 and has a current growth rate of 3.3% (7.1 children per mother).
1	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	3.4	3.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	compound	_	_
14	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	3.3	3.3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	7.1	7.1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	appos	_	_
29	per	per	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | past · perfect · passive |  |  |  | 3.4 million in 1960 |  | as the population; which *nsubj:pass*; rapidly *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: subject=Extent from million=Initial\_State |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | a current growth rate |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rate=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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