---
title: Since obtaining independence in 1960, Niger has experienced five cou… — Niger · tree and pragmatics
description: Since obtaining independence in 1960, Niger has experienced five coups d'état and four periods of military rule. Who acts: Niger. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niger» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niger, sentence 9

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From Wikipedia, [«Niger»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since obtaining independence in 1960, Niger has experienced five coups d'état and four periods of military rule.

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**Who acts:** Niger · **What happens:** obtain, experience · **To what, where:** independence, 1960, coups d'état

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Niger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niger:9
# text = Since obtaining independence in 1960, Niger has experienced five coups d'état and four periods of military rule.
1	Since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	obtaining	obtain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
3	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	Niger	Niger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	experienced	experience	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	coups	coup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	compound	_	_
12	d'état	d'état	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	periods	period	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obtain** | gerund | Niger *not said here* | independence |  | 1960 |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset independence=Theme |
| 2 | **experience** | present · perfect | Niger | coups d'état and four periods of military rule |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer d'état=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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