---
title: In 1903, the British victory in the Battle of Kano gave them a logis… — Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1903, the British victory in the Battle of Kano gave them a logistical edge in pacifying the heartland of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire. Who acts: British victory, logistical edge. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nigeria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nigeria, sentence 102

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From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1903, the British victory in the Battle of Kano gave them a logistical edge in pacifying the heartland of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire.

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**Who acts:** British victory, logistical edge · **What happens:** give, pacify · **To what, where:** logistical edge, rulers, 1903, heartland

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British victory, logistical edge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nigeria:102
# text = In 1903, the British victory in the Battle of Kano gave them a logistical edge in pacifying the heartland of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1903	1903	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Battle	Battle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Kano	Kano	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	logistical	logistical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	pacifying	pacify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	heartland	heartland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Sokoto	Sokoto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Caliphate	caliphate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
29	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	Bornu	Bornu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the British victory in the Battle of Kano | a logistical edge | rulers *= ruler* | 1903 |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient edge=Theme |
| 2 | **pacify** | gerund | a logistical edge *not said here* | the heartland of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heartland=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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- ← previous: [sentence 101](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/101/)
- next →: [sentence 103](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/103/)
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