---
title: The international community, which had observed the Nigerian electio… — Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The international community, which had observed the Nigerian elections to promote a free and fair process, condemned these elections as seriously flawed. Who acts: international community. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nigeria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nigeria, sentence 205

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From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The international community, which had observed the Nigerian elections to promote a free and fair process, condemned these elections as seriously flawed.

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**Who acts:** international community · **What happens:** observe, promote, condemn, flaw · **To what, where:** international community, free process, elections

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (international community), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nigeria:205
# text = The international community, which had observed the Nigerian elections to promote a free and fair process, condemned these elections as seriously flawed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Nigerian	nigerian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	promote	promote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
19	condemned	condemn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	seriously	seriously	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	flawed	flaw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | past · perfect · passive |  | the international community |  |  |  | the Nigerian elections *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **promote** | to-infinitive |  | a free process |  |  |  |  | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent process=Theme |
| 3 | **condemn** | past | the international community | this elections |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Theme |
| 4 | **flaw** | participle | the international community *not said here* |  |  |  |  | seriously *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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