---
title: The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this fores… — Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. Who acts: areas. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nigeria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nigeria, sentence 244

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From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies.

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**Who acts:** areas · **What happens:** surround, believe, contain · **To what, where:** Calabar, areas, largest diversity

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (areas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nigeria:244
# text = The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	Calabar	Calabar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	Cross	Cross	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	contain	contain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	23	amod	_	_
23	diversity	diversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | gerund | the areas *not said here* | Calabar and Cross River State |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme calabar=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **believe** | present · passive |  | the areas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **contain** | to-infinitive |  | the world's largest diversity of butterflies |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot diversity=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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