---
title: North of this is a freshwater swamp, containing different vegetation… — Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: North of this is a freshwater swamp, containing different vegetation from the saltwater mangrove swamps, and north of that is a rainforest. Who acts: this, North freshwater swamp, that. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nigeria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nigeria, sentence 269

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From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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North of this is a freshwater swamp, containing different vegetation from the saltwater mangrove swamps, and north of that is a rainforest.

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**Who acts:** this, North freshwater swamp, that · **What happens:** be, contain · **To what, where:** different vegetation, mangrove swamps

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, North freshwater swamp, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nigeria:269
# text = North of this is a freshwater swamp, containing different vegetation from the saltwater mangrove swamps, and north of that is a rainforest.
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	saltwater	saltwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	mangrove	mangrove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	swamps	swamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
19	north	north	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | of a North freshwater swamp and a rainforest | tree rules |
| 2 | **contain** | gerund | a North freshwater swamp and a rainforest *not said here* | different vegetation |  | the mangrove swamps |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot vegetation=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | of a rainforest; north *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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