---
title: By convention, presidential candidates take a running mate (candidat… — Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: By convention, presidential candidates take a running mate (candidate for the vice presidency) who is both ethnically and religiously the opposite of themselves. Who acts: presidential candidates, running mate. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nigeria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nigeria, sentence 306

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From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By convention, presidential candidates take a running mate (candidate for the vice presidency) who is both ethnically and religiously the opposite of themselves.

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**Who acts:** presidential candidates, running mate · **What happens:** take, be · **To what, where:** running mate, opposite

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (presidential candidates, running mate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nigeria:306
# text = By convention, presidential candidates take a running mate (candidate for the vice presidency) who is both ethnically and religiously the opposite of themselves.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	convention	convention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	candidates	candidate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	running	running	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	vice	vice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	presidency	presidency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
19	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc:preconj	_	_
20	ethnically	ethnically	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	religiously	religiously	ADV	RB	_	20	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | presidential candidates | a running mate and the opposite |  |  |  | by convention | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a running mate and the opposite | the opposite |  |  |  | of mate; ethnically *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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