---
title: The caliphate as a whole became one of the largest slave societies i… — Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The caliphate as a whole became one of the largest slave societies in 19th-century Africa. Who acts: caliphate. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Nigeria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Nigeria, sentence 74

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From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The caliphate as a whole became one of the largest slave societies in 19th-century Africa.

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**Who acts:** caliphate · **What happens:** become

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (caliphate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Nigeria:74
# text = The caliphate as a whole became one of the largest slave societies in 19th-century Africa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caliphate	caliphate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nmod	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	xcomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
11	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	societies	society	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	19th	19th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the caliphate as a whole |  |  |  |  | one of the largest slave societies in 19th century *xcomp* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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