--- title: Nigeria — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 5 description: Wikipedia's «Nigeria», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Nigeria # Nigeria · page 5 From Wikipedia, [«Nigeria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/4/) **5** [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/6/) [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/7/) Nigeria also has an abundant supply of under-exploited natural resources, including coal, [bauxite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite), [tantalite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalite), gold, [tin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin), iron ore, [limestone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone), [niobium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium), lead and [zinc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc).[\[196\]](../../page/7/#ref-196 "note 196")[402](../../402/ "tree and pragmatics") The country's gold production in 2015 was 8 metric tons.[\[197\]](../../page/7/#ref-197 "note 197")[403](../../403/ "tree and pragmatics") Despite huge deposits of these natural resources, the mining industry in Nigeria is still in its infancy.[\[198\]](../../page/7/#ref-198 "note 198")[404](../../404/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Agriculture Further information: [Agriculture in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nigeria) In 2021, about 23.4% of Nigeria's GDP was contributed by agriculture, forestry and fishing combined.[\[199\]](../../page/7/#ref-199 "note 199")[405](../../405/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria is the world's largest producer of [cassava](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassava_production_in_Nigeria).[\[200\]](../../page/7/#ref-200 "note 200")[406](../../406/ "tree and pragmatics") Additional major crops include [maize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize), [rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice), [millet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet), [yam beans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_%28vegetable%29), and [guinea corn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum_bicolor) (sorghum).[\[201\]](../../page/7/#ref-201 "note 201")[407](../../407/ "tree and pragmatics") [Cocoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_bean) is the principal agricultural export, and one of the country's most significant non-petroleum products.[\[202\]](../../page/7/#ref-202 "note 202")[\[203\]](../../page/7/#ref-203 "note 203")[408](../../408/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria is also one of the world's top twenty exporters of [natural rubber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rubber), generating $20.9 million in 2019.[\[204\]](../../page/7/#ref-204 "note 204")[409](../../409/ "tree and pragmatics") Before the [Nigerian Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War) and the [oil boom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_boom), Nigeria was self-sufficient in food,[\[205\]](../../page/7/#ref-205 "note 205")[\[206\]](../../page/7/#ref-206 "note 206")[\[207\]](../../page/7/#ref-207 "note 207") and agriculture was the principal foreign exchange earner.[\[208\]](../../page/7/#ref-208 "note 208")[410](../../410/ "tree and pragmatics") Though the Nigerian government promoted the use of inorganic fertilisers in the 1970s,[\[209\]](../../page/7/#ref-209 "note 209") agriculture failed to keep pace with population growth and Nigeria now relies upon food imports to feed its people.[\[206\]](../../page/7/#ref-206 "note 206")[\[210\]](../../page/7/#ref-210 "note 210")[411](../../411/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2022, it was spending US$6.7 billion yearly for food imports, four times its income from food exports.[\[200\]](../../page/7/#ref-200 "note 200")[412](../../412/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria's rice production increased by 10% from 2017/18 to 2021/22, reaching 5 million tonnes per year,[\[211\]](../../page/7/#ref-211 "note 211") but it failed to keep up with rising demand.[413](../../413/ "tree and pragmatics") Consequently, rice imports remained steady at 2 million tonnes annually.[414](../../414/ "tree and pragmatics") In August 2019, Nigeria closed its border with Benin and other neighbouring countries to stop rice smuggling into the country as part of efforts to boost local production.[\[212\]](../../page/7/#ref-212 "note 212")[415](../../415/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria exports unhusked rice while relying on imports for processed husked rice, the country's staple food.[416](../../416/ "tree and pragmatics") The [rice mill in Imota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imota_rice_mill), near Lagos, was opened in 2023 to handle processing domestically, improve the balance of trade, bolster the labour market, and reduce transport and middleman costs, with design targets to support 250,000 direct and indirect jobs and produce 2.5 million 50-kg bags of rice annually.[417](../../417/ "tree and pragmatics") However, severe shortages of raw paddy, security disruptions, and high logistics costs have prevented the facility from reaching capacity, keeping Nigeria dependent on foreign rice imports.[\[213\]](../../page/7/#ref-213 "note 213")[\[214\]](../../page/7/#ref-214 "note 214")[418](../../418/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Oil and natural gas Further information: [Petroleum industry in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Nigeria), [Oil theft in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_theft_in_Nigeria) Nigeria is the [15th largest producer of petroleum in the world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production), the [6th largest exporter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports), and has the [9th largest proven reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves).[419](../../419/ "tree and pragmatics") Petroleum plays a large role in the Nigerian economy and politics, accounting for about 80% of government earnings.[420](../../420/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria also has the [9th largest proven natural gas reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves) estimated by [OPEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC); the government's value of its about 206.53 trillion cubic feet has been valued at $803.4 trillion.[\[215\]](../../page/7/#ref-215 "note 215")[421](../../421/ "tree and pragmatics") Natural gas is seen as having the potential to unlock an [economic miracle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_miracle) on the Niger River.[\[216\]](../../page/7/#ref-216 "note 216")[422](../../422/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria each year loses to [gas flaring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_flare) an estimate of US$2.5 billion,[\[217\]](../../page/7/#ref-217 "note 217") and over 120,000 barrels of oil per day to [crude theft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_theft_in_Nigeria) in the [Niger Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_Delta), its main oil-producing region.[\[218\]](../../page/7/#ref-218 "note 218")[\[219\]](../../page/7/#ref-219 "note 219")[423](../../423/ "tree and pragmatics") This has led to [piracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Gulf_of_Guinea) and [conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta) for control in the region and has led to disruptions in production preventing the country from meeting its OPEC quota and exporting petroleum at full capability.[\[220\]](../../page/7/#ref-220 "note 220")[424](../../424/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria has a total of 159 [oil fields](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_reservoir) and 1,481 [wells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well) in operation according to the [Department of Petroleum Resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Petroleum_Resources).[\[221\]](../../page/7/#ref-221 "note 221")[425](../../425/ "tree and pragmatics") The most productive region of the nation is the coastal [Niger Delta Basin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_Delta_Basin_%28geology%29) in the Niger Delta or "south-south" region which encompasses 78 of the 159 oil fields.[426](../../426/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of Nigeria's oil fields are small and scattered, and as of 1990, these small fields accounted for 62.1% of all Nigerian production.[427](../../427/ "tree and pragmatics") This contrasts with the sixteen largest fields which produced 37.9% of Nigeria's petroleum at that time.[\[222\]](../../page/7/#ref-222 "note 222")[428](../../428/ "tree and pragmatics") Petrol was Nigeria's main import commodity until 2021, accounting for 24% of import volume.[\[223\]](../../page/7/#ref-223 "note 223")[429](../../429/ "tree and pragmatics") The Niger Delta Nembe Creek oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from the middle [Miocene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene) [deltaic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_delta) [sandstone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone)-[shale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale) in an [anticline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticline) [structural trap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_trap) at a depth of 2 to 4 km.[\[224\]](../../page/7/#ref-224 "note 224")[430](../../430/ "tree and pragmatics") In June 2013, Shell announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested.[431](../../431/ "tree and pragmatics") While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft.[432](../../432/ "tree and pragmatics") In August 2014, Shell said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.[\[225\]](../../page/7/#ref-225 "note 225")[433](../../433/ "tree and pragmatics") The supply of natural gas to Europe, threatened by the [Russo-Ukrainian war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war_%282022–present%29), pushed projects to transport Nigerian natural gas via pipelines to Morocco or Algeria.[\[226\]](../../page/7/#ref-226 "note 226")[\[227\]](../../page/7/#ref-227 "note 227")[\[228\]](../../page/7/#ref-228 "note 228")[434](../../434/ "tree and pragmatics") As of May 2022, however, there are no results on this yet.[435](../../435/ "tree and pragmatics") Thanks to the success of the [Dangote refinery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangote_refinery), which opened in 2023, Nigeria is transforming from an oil exporter into a fuel and fertiliser exporter.[\[229\]](../../page/7/#ref-229 "note 229")[\[230\]](../../page/7/#ref-230 "note 230")[436](../../436/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Energy Main article: [Energy in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Nigeria) Nigeria's energy consumption is much more than its generation capacity.[437](../../437/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the energy comes from traditional fossil fuels, which account for 73% of total primary production.[438](../../438/ "tree and pragmatics") The rest is from hydropower (27%).[439](../../439/ "tree and pragmatics") Since independence, Nigeria has tried to develop a domestic nuclear industry for energy.[440](../../440/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria opened 2004 a Chinese-origin research reactor at [Ahmadu Bello University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadu_Bello_University) and has sought the support of the [International Atomic Energy Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency) to develop plans for up to 4,000 MW of nuclear capacity by 2027 according to the National Program for the Deployment of Nuclear Power for Generation of Electricity.[441](../../441/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2007, President [Umaru Yar'Adua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaru_Musa_Yar%27Adua) urged the country to embrace nuclear power to meet its growing energy needs.[442](../../442/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2017, Nigeria signed the UN [Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons).[\[231\]](../../page/7/#ref-231 "note 231")[443](../../443/ "tree and pragmatics") In April 2015, Nigeria began talks with Russia's state-owned [Rosatom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosatom) to collaborate on the design, construction and operation of four nuclear power plants by 2035, the first of which will be in operation by 2025.[444](../../444/ "tree and pragmatics") In June 2015, Nigeria selected two sites for the planned construction of the nuclear plants.[445](../../445/ "tree and pragmatics") Neither the Nigerian government nor Rosatom would disclose the specific locations of the sites, but it is believed that the nuclear plants will be sited in [Akwa Ibom State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwa_Ibom_State) and [Kogi State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogi_State).[446](../../446/ "tree and pragmatics") The sites are planned to house two plants each.[447](../../447/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2017 agreements were signed for the construction of the [Itu nuclear power plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itu_nuclear_power_plant).[448](../../448/ "tree and pragmatics") #### Electricity According to the survey, 94% of Nigerians are connected to the national grid, but only 57% have their electricity consumption recorded by an electricity meter.[\[232\]](../../page/7/#ref-232 "note 232")[449](../../449/ "tree and pragmatics") Only 1% of Nigerians surveyed reported having electricity 24 hours a day.[450](../../450/ "tree and pragmatics") 68% have electricity 1 to 9 hours a day, according to the NIO.[451](../../451/ "tree and pragmatics") Two-thirds of Nigerians, or 66%, pay up to 10,000 Naira (US$13) a month for electricity, which is almost 3% of the average income in Nigeria.[\[232\]](../../page/7/#ref-232 "note 232")[452](../../452/ "tree and pragmatics") Over two-thirds of respondents, or 67%, were willing to pay more for uninterrupted electricity supply.[453](../../453/ "tree and pragmatics") Power generators are owned by 21% of Nigerians, while 14% use solar energy.[\[232\]](../../page/7/#ref-232 "note 232")[454](../../454/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Manufacturing and technology Further information: [Automotive industry in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Nigeria), [Pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Nigeria) Nigeria has a manufacturing industry that includes leather and textiles (centred in [Kano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano_%28city%29), [Abeokuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeokuta), [Onitsha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onitsha), and Lagos), plastics and processed food.[455](../../455/ "tree and pragmatics") [Ogun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogun_State) is considered to be Nigeria's current industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.[\[233\]](../../page/7/#ref-233 "note 233")[\[234\]](../../page/7/#ref-234 "note 234")[\[235\]](../../page/7/#ref-235 "note 235")[456](../../456/ "tree and pragmatics") The city of [Aba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba,_Abia) in the south-eastern part of the country is well known for handicrafts and shoes, known as "Aba made".[\[236\]](../../page/7/#ref-236 "note 236")[457](../../457/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria has a market of 720,000 cars per year, but less than 20% of these are produced domestically.[\[237\]](../../page/7/#ref-237 "note 237")[458](../../458/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2016, Nigeria was the [leading cement producer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_production_by_country) south of the Sahara, ahead of South Africa.[\[238\]](../../page/7/#ref-238 "note 238")[459](../../459/ "tree and pragmatics") [Aliko Dangote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliko_Dangote), Nigeria's richest inhabitant, based his wealth on cement production, as well as agricultural commodities.[\[239\]](../../page/7/#ref-239 "note 239")[460](../../460/ "tree and pragmatics") According to its own information, the [Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaokuta_Steel_Mill) produces 1.3 million tonnes of [steel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel) per year.[\[240\]](../../page/7/#ref-240 "note 240")[461](../../461/ "tree and pragmatics") However, steel plants in [Katsina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsina_%28city%29), [Jos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos) and [Osogbo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osogbo) no longer appear to be active.[\[241\]](../../page/7/#ref-241 "note 241")[462](../../462/ "tree and pragmatics") In June 2019, [Nigeria EduSat-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_EduSat-1) was deployed from the [International Space Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station).[463](../../463/ "tree and pragmatics") It is the first satellite that was built in Nigeria, which followed [many other Nigerian satellites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_weather_and_communications_satellites) that were built by other countries.[\[242\]](../../page/7/#ref-242 "note 242")[\[243\]](../../page/7/#ref-243 "note 243")[464](../../464/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2021, Nigeria hosts about 60 percent of the pharmaceutical production capacity in Africa,[\[244\]](../../page/7/#ref-244 "note 244") the larger pharmaceutical companies are located in [Lagos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos).[\[245\]](../../page/7/#ref-245 "note 245")[465](../../465/ "tree and pragmatics") The pharmaceutical producer with the most employees in Nigeria is [Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emzor_Pharmaceutical_Industries) Ltd.[\[246\]](../../page/7/#ref-246 "note 246") Nigeria has a few electronic manufacturers like [Zinox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinox), the first branded Nigerian computer, and manufacturers of electronic gadgets such as tablet PCs.[\[247\]](../../page/7/#ref-247 "note 247")[466](../../466/ "tree and pragmatics") As of January 2022, Nigeria is the host to 5 out of the 7 [unicorn companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn_%28company%29) in Africa.[\[248\]](../../page/7/#ref-248 "note 248")[467](../../467/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Internet and telecommunications Main article: [Telecommunications in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria) The Nigerian telecommunications market is one of the fastest-growing in the world, with major emerging market operators (like [MTN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTN_Group), [9mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9mobile), [Airtel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel) and [Globacom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globacom)) basing their largest and most profitable centres in the country.[\[249\]](../../page/7/#ref-249 "note 249")[468](../../468/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria's ICT sector has experienced much growth, representing 10% of the nation's GDP in 2018 as compared to just 1% in 2001.[\[250\]](../../page/7/#ref-250 "note 250")[469](../../469/ "tree and pragmatics") Lagos is regarded as one of the largest technology hubs in Africa with its thriving tech ecosystem.[\[251\]](../../page/7/#ref-251 "note 251")[470](../../470/ "tree and pragmatics") According to a survey by the [GSM Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Association), 92% of adult Nigerian men and 88% of women owned a mobile phone.[\[252\]](../../page/7/#ref-252 "note 252")[471](../../471/ "tree and pragmatics") Using various measures including but not limited to illegal arrest, taking down of websites, passport seizures, and restricted access to bank accounts, the [Nigerian government is punishing citizens for expressing themselves on the internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance) and working to stifle internet freedom.[\[253\]](../../page/7/#ref-253 "note 253")[472](../../472/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Tourism Main article: [Tourism in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Nigeria) Tourism in Nigeria centres largely on events, because of the country's ample amount of ethnic groups, but also includes rain forests, savannahs, waterfalls, and other natural attractions.[\[254\]](../../page/7/#ref-254 "note 254")[473](../../473/ "tree and pragmatics") Abuja is home to several parks and green areas.[474](../../474/ "tree and pragmatics") The largest, [Millennium Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Park_%28Abuja%29), was designed by architect [Manfredi Nicoletti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfredi_Nicoletti) and officially opened in December 2003.[475](../../475/ "tree and pragmatics") After the re-modernisation project achieved by the administration of Governor Raji Babatunde Fashola, Lagos is gradually becoming a major tourist destination.[476](../../476/ "tree and pragmatics") Lagos is currently taking steps to become a [global city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city).[477](../../477/ "tree and pragmatics") The 2009 Eyo carnival (a yearly festival originating from [Iperu Remo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iperu,_Ogun), Ogun State) was a step toward world city status.[478](../../478/ "tree and pragmatics") Currently, Lagos is primarily known as a business-oriented and fast-paced community.[\[255\]](../../page/7/#ref-255 "note 255")[479](../../479/ "tree and pragmatics") Lagos has become an important location for African and black cultural identity.[\[256\]](../../page/7/#ref-256 "note 256")[480](../../480/ "tree and pragmatics") Lagos has sandy beaches by the Atlantic Ocean, including [Elegushi Beach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elegushi_Beach) and Alpha Beach.[481](../../481/ "tree and pragmatics") Lagos also has many private beach resorts including Inagbe Grand Beach Resort and several others in the outskirts.[482](../../482/ "tree and pragmatics") Lagos has a variety of hotels ranging from three-star to five-star hotels, with a mixture of local hotels such as [Eko Hotels and Suites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eko_Hotels_and_Suites), [Federal Palace Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Palace_Hotel) and franchises of multinational chains such as [Intercontinental Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterContinental), [Sheraton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheraton_Hotels_and_Resorts), and [Four Points by Sheraton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Points_by_Sheraton).[483](../../483/ "tree and pragmatics") Other places of interest include the [Tafawa Balewa Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafawa_Balewa_Square), Festac town, The [Nike Art Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_Art_Gallery), [Freedom Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Park_%28Lagos%29), and the [Cathedral Church of Christ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_Christ,_Lagos).[484](../../484/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Transport Main article: [Transport in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Nigeria) Due to Nigeria's location in the centre of West Africa, [transport plays a major role in the national service sector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Nigeria).[485](../../485/ "tree and pragmatics") Government investments have seen an increase in extensive road repairs and new construction has been carried out gradually as states in particular spend their share of increased government allocations.[486](../../486/ "tree and pragmatics") Representative of these improvements is the [Second Niger Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Niger_bridge) near Onitsha, which was largely completed in 2022.[\[257\]](../../page/7/#ref-257 "note 257")[487](../../487/ "tree and pragmatics") A 2017 World Bank report on logistics hubs in Africa placed the country in fourth place, behind Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Sao Tome,[\[258\]](../../page/7/#ref-258 "note 258") but in 2021, Nigeria joined the World Logistics Passport, a private sector group working to increase the efficiency of global trade.[\[259\]](../../page/7/#ref-259 "note 259")[488](../../488/ "tree and pragmatics") #### Roads Main article: [Roads in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads_in_Nigeria) Four trans-African automobile routes pass through Nigeria:[489](../../489/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Lagos-Mombasa Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos-Mombasa_Highway)[490](../../490/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Algiers-Lagos Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers-Lagos_Highway)[491](../../491/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Dakar-Lagos Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar-Lagos_Highway)[492](../../492/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Dakar-Ndjamena Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar-Ndjamena_Highway)[493](../../493/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria has the largest road network in [West Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa).[494](../../494/ "tree and pragmatics") It covers about 200,000 km, of which 60,000 km are asphalted.[495](../../495/ "tree and pragmatics") Nigeria's roads and highways handle 90% of all passenger and freight traffic.[496](../../496/ "tree and pragmatics") It contributes N2.4trn ($6.4bn) to GDP in 2020.[497](../../497/ "tree and pragmatics") The federal government is responsible for 35,000 km of the road network.[498](../../498/ "tree and pragmatics") The motorway links of important economic centres such as [Lagos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos)-[Ibadan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadan), Lagos-[Badagry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badagry) and [Enugu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_%28city%29)-[Onitsha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onitsha) have been renovated.[\[260\]](../../page/7/#ref-260 "note 260")[499](../../499/ "tree and pragmatics") The rest of the road network is a state matter and therefore in very different shape, depending on the state.[500](../../500/ "tree and pragmatics") Economically strong states such as Lagos, [Anambra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anambra_State) and [Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_State) receive particularly poor evaluations.[\[261\]](../../page/7/#ref-261 "note 261")[501](../../501/ "tree and pragmatics") Most roads were built in the 1980s and early 1990s.[502](../../502/ "tree and pragmatics") Poor maintenance and inferior materials have worsened the condition of the roads.[503](../../503/ "tree and pragmatics") Travelling is very difficult.[504](../../504/ "tree and pragmatics") Especially during the rainy season, the use of secondary roads is sometimes almost impossible due to potholes.[\[262\]](../../page/7/#ref-262 "note 262")[505](../../505/ "tree and pragmatics") Road bandits often take advantage of this situation for their criminal purposes.[\[263\]](../../page/7/#ref-263 "note 263")[\[264\]](../../page/7/#ref-264 "note 264")[506](../../506/ "tree and pragmatics") #### Rail transport Main article: [Rail transport in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Nigeria) Railways have undergone a massive revamping with projects such as the [Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos–Kano_Standard_Gauge_Railway) being completed connecting cities of [Kano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano_State), [Kaduna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaduna_%28city%29), [Abuja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuja) [corpus](../../../Abuja/ "in our corpus"), [Ibadan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadan) and [Lagos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos).[507](../../507/ "tree and pragmatics") [Lagos Rail Mass Transit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos_Rail_Mass_Transit) controls transport in Lagos with two currently operating services: the [Red Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Line_%28Lagos_Transit%29) and the [Blue Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Line_%28Lagos_Transit%29).[508](../../508/ "tree and pragmatics") [Abuja Light Rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuja_Light_Rail) controls rail services in Abuja and currently has one operating service, the Blue Line.[509](../../509/ "tree and pragmatics") #### Air transport Main article: [List of airports in Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Nigeria) The Nigerian aviation industry generated 198.62 billion naira (€400 million) in 2019, representing a contribution of 0.14% to GDP.[510](../../510/ "tree and pragmatics") It was the fastest-growing sector of the Nigerian economy in 2019.[511](../../511/ "tree and pragmatics") Passenger traffic increased from 9,358,166 in 2020 to 15,886,955 in 2021, a significant increase of over 69%.[512](../../512/ "tree and pragmatics") Aircraft movements increased by more than 46% from 2020 to 2021.[513](../../513/ "tree and pragmatics") Total freight volumes were 191 tonnes in 2020 but increased to 391 tonnes in 2021.[\[265\]](../../page/7/#ref-265 "note 265")[514](../../514/ "tree and pragmatics") In December 2021, the [Anambra International Cargo Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinua_Achebe_International_Airport) started its operation.[\[266\]](../../page/7/#ref-266 "note 266")[515](../../515/ "tree and pragmatics") In April 2022, the second terminal of the [Murtala Muhammed International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala_Muhammed_International_Airport) has been inaugurated.[516](../../516/ "tree and pragmatics") It will increase the capacity of the airport to 14 million passengers per year.[\[267\]](../../page/7/#ref-267 "note 267")[517](../../517/ "tree and pragmatics") There are 54 airports in Nigeria, The principal airports are:[\[268\]](../../page/7/#ref-268 "note 268")[518](../../518/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/4/) **5** [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/6/) [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/7/) - ← previous: [page 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/4/) - next →: [page 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/page/6/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)