---
title: Niue has operated as a self-governing state in free association with… — Niue · tree and pragmatics
description: Niue has operated as a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 3 September 1974, when the people endorsed the Constitution in a plebiscite. Who acts: Niue, people. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niue» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niue, sentence 121

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From Wikipedia, [«Niue»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Niue has operated as a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 3 September 1974, when the people endorsed the Constitution in a plebiscite.

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**Who acts:** Niue, people · **What happens:** operate, govern, endorse · **To what, where:** Constitution, plebiscite

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niue». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Niue, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niue:121
# text = Niue has operated as a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 3 September 1974, when the people endorsed the Constitution in a plebiscite.
1	Niue	Niue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	operated	operate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	governing	govern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	association	association	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	_
15	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	since	since	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
18	September	September	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:unmarked	_	_
19	1974	1974	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	endorsed	endorse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Constitution	Constitution	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	plebiscite	plebiscite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **operate** | present · perfect | Niue |  |  |  | since 3  September | as a governing state in free association with New Zealand | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **govern** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | self *compound* | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **endorse** | past | the people |  | the Constitution | a plebiscite |  |  | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niue», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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