---
title: According to a letter to ICANN in 2007, IUS-N's auditors reported an… — Niue · tree and pragmatics
description: According to a letter to ICANN in 2007, IUS-N's auditors reported an investment of US$3 million in Niue's Internet services between 1999 and 2005, funded by domain registration revenue. Who acts: auditors, Niue. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niue» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niue, sentence 189

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From Wikipedia, [«Niue»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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According to a letter to ICANN in 2007, IUS-N's auditors reported an investment of US$3 million in Niue's Internet services between 1999 and 2005, funded by domain registration revenue.

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**Who acts:** auditors, Niue · **What happens:** accord, report, fund, service · **To what, where:** investment, Internet services

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niue». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (auditors, Niue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niue:189
# text = According to a letter to ICANN in 2007, IUS-N's auditors reported an investment of US$3 million in Niue's Internet services between 1999 and 2005, funded by domain registration revenue.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ICANN	ICANN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	2007	2007	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	IUS	IUS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	N	N	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	auditors	auditor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	investment	investment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	$	$	SYM	$	_	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	compound	_	_
22	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	Niue	Niue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	Internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
28	between	between	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	1999	1999	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	2005	2005	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	funded	fund	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	domain	domain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	registration	registration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	revenue	revenue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **report** | past | IUS N's auditors | a investment |  |  |  | accord a letter to ICANN in 2007 | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent investment=Patient |
| 3 | **fund** | participle |  | Niue's Internet services between 1999 *not said here* |  |  |  | by registration revenue  domain | tree rules |
| 4 | **service** |  | Niue |  |  |  |  |  | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niue», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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