---
title: Hiapo is made by beating the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree u… — Niue · tree and pragmatics
description: Hiapo is made by beating the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree until it becomes a pliable tapa cloth, which is then decorated using natural dyes and stencils. Who acts: bark. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Niue» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Niue, sentence 271

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From Wikipedia, [«Niue»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Hiapo is made by beating the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree until it becomes a pliable tapa cloth, which is then decorated using natural dyes and stencils.

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**Who acts:** bark · **What happens:** make, beat, become, decorate, use · **To what, where:** Hiapo, inner bark, pliable tapa cloth, natural dyes

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niue». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Niue:271
# text = Hiapo is made by beating the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree until it becomes a pliable tapa cloth, which is then decorated using natural dyes and stencils.
1	Hiapo	Hiapo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	mulberry	mulberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	pliable	pliable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	tapa	tapa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
25	decorated	decorate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl:relcl	_	_
26	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	xcomp	_	_
27	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	dyes	dye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	stencils	stencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Hiapo |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **beat** | gerund |  | the inner bark of the mulberry tree |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bark=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | present | bark | a pliable tapa cloth |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **decorate** | present · passive |  | a pliable tapa cloth |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **use** | gerund |  | natural dyes and stencils |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dye=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Niue», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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