---
title: Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy… — North Korea · tree and pragmatics
description: Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the extensive to the intensive development stage. Who acts: Systematic inefficiency, economy. A sentence of Wikipedia's «North Korea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# North Korea, sentence 285

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From Wikipedia, [«North Korea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the extensive to the intensive development stage.

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**Who acts:** Systematic inefficiency, economy · **What happens:** begin, arise, shift · **To what, where:** 1960, extensive

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «North Korea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Systematic inefficiency, economy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:North_Korea:285
# text = Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the extensive to the intensive development stage.
1	Systematic	systematic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	arise	arise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	shifted	shift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	extensive	extensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	intensive	intensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Systematic inefficiency |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **arise** | to-infinitive | Systematic inefficiency *not said here* |  |  | 1960 |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around 1960=Location |
| 3 | **shift** | participle | the economy |  |  | the extensive |  | to the intensive development stage *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from extensive=Initial\_State to stage=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «North Korea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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