---
title: In 2009, the government attempted to stem the expanding free market… — North Korea · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2009, the government attempted to stem the expanding free market by banning jangmadang and the use of foreign currency, heavily devaluing the won and restricting the convertibility of savings in the old currency, but the resulting inflation spike and rare public protests caused a reversal of thes
---

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# North Korea, sentence 302

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From Wikipedia, [«North Korea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2009, the government attempted to stem the expanding free market by banning jangmadang and the use of foreign currency, heavily devaluing the won and restricting the convertibility of savings in the old currency, but the resulting inflation spike and rare public protests caused a reversal of these policies.

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**Who acts:** government, resulting inflation spike · **What happens:** attempt, expand, ban, devalue, restrict, result · **To what, where:** stem, 2009, jangmadang, won, convertibility, old currency

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «North Korea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (government, resulting inflation spike), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:North_Korea:302
# text = In 2009, the government attempted to stem the expanding free market by banning jangmadang and the use of foreign currency, heavily devaluing the won and restricting the convertibility of savings in the old currency, but the resulting inflation spike and rare public protests caused a reversal of these policies.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2009	2009	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	attempted	attempt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	expanding	expand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
11	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	banning	ban	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
15	jangmadang	jangmadang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	currency	currency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	devaluing	devalue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	won	won	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	restricting	restrict	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	convertibility	convertibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	savings	savings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	30	nmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	currency	currency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
38	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	resulting	result	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	42	amod	_	_
41	inflation	inflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	spike	spike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
45	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	protests	protest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	_
47	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	52	det	_	_
52	policies	policy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attempt** | past | the government | stem |  | 2009 |  | the expanding free market *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **expand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **ban** | gerund | the government *not said here* | jangmadang and the use of foreign currency |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer jangmadang=Theme |
| 4 | **devalue** | gerund | the government *not said here* | the won |  |  |  | heavily *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent won=Patient |
| 5 | **restrict** | gerund | the government *not said here* | the convertibility of savings |  | the old currency |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer convertibility=Patient |
| 6 | **result** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **cause** | past | the resulting inflation spike and rare public protests | a reversal of this policies |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition reversal=Patient |
| 8 | **use** |  |  | foreign currency |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 9 | **reverse** |  |  | this policies |  |  |  |  | nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «North Korea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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