---
title: The native forest fauna is abundant and includes bears, wild boars,… — North Macedonia · tree and pragmatics
description: The native forest fauna is abundant and includes bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, squirrels, chamois and deer. Who acts: native forest fauna. A sentence of Wikipedia's «North Macedonia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# North Macedonia, sentence 242

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From Wikipedia, [«North Macedonia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The native forest fauna is abundant and includes bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, squirrels, chamois and deer.

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**Who acts:** native forest fauna · **What happens:** be, include · **To what, where:** bears

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «North Macedonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (native forest fauna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:North_Macedonia:242
# text = The native forest fauna is abundant and includes bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, squirrels, chamois and deer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	boars	boar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	chamois	chamois	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the native forest fauna |  |  |  |  | abundant *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **include** | present | the native forest fauna *not said here* | bears and wild boars and wolves and foxes and squirrels and chamois and deer |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «North Macedonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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