---
title: North Nicosia has seen the construction of new highways and roads re… — North Nicosia · tree and pragmatics
description: North Nicosia has seen the construction of new highways and roads recently to solve its traffic problem, including the construction of two ringroads in the 2010s. Who acts: North, construction. A sentence of Wikipedia's «North Nicosia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# North Nicosia, sentence 188

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From Wikipedia, [«North Nicosia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Nicosia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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North Nicosia has seen the construction of new highways and roads recently to solve its traffic problem, including the construction of two ringroads in the 2010s.

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**Who acts:** North, construction · **What happens:** see, solve, construct · **To what, where:** construction, traffic problem, new highways, two ringroads

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «North Nicosia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (North, construction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:North_Nicosia:188
# text = North Nicosia has seen the construction of new highways and roads recently to solve its traffic problem, including the construction of two ringroads in the 2010s.
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Nicosia	Nicosia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	highways	highway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	solve	solve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	including	including	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	ringroads	ringroad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	2010s	2010	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | North | the construction of new highways and roads |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **solve** | to-infinitive | the construction of new highways and roads *not said here* | road's traffic problem |  |  |  | including the construction of two ringroads in the 2010s; recently *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |
| 3 | **construct** |  |  | new highways and roads |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **construct** |  |  | two ringroads in the 2010s |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «North Nicosia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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