---
title: The number of people who have some knowledge of Northern Sámi, inclu… — Norway · tree and pragmatics
description: The number of people who have some knowledge of Northern Sámi, including as a second language, is estimated at 25,000 people, but only a minority are native speakers. Who acts: people, Northern Sámi, 25,000 people, minority. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Norway» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Norway, sentence 558

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From Wikipedia, [«Norway»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The number of people who have some knowledge of Northern Sámi, including as a second language, is estimated at 25,000 people, but only a minority are native speakers.

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**Who acts:** people, Northern Sámi, 25,000 people, minority · **What happens:** have, include, estimate, be · **To what, where:** knowledge, number, native speakers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Norway». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Northern Sámi, 25,000 people, minority), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Norway:558
# text = The number of people who have some knowledge of Northern Sámi, including as a second language, is estimated at 25,000 people, but only a minority are native speakers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Northern	Northern	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	including	include	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	acl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	25,000	25000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
26	only	only	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	minority	minority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
29	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | people | some knowledge of Northern Sámi |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Patient |
| 2 | **include** | gerund | Northern Sámi *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a second language | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **estimate** | present · passive | 25,000 people | the number of people |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent subject=Value |
| 4 | **is a** | present | a minority | native speakers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Norway», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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