---
title: Lefse is a Norwegian potato flatbread, usually topped with large amo… — Norway · tree and pragmatics
description: Lefse is a Norwegian potato flatbread, usually topped with large amounts of butter and sugar, most commonly eaten around Christmas. Who acts: Lefse. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Norway» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Norway, sentence 657

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From Wikipedia, [«Norway»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Lefse is a Norwegian potato flatbread, usually topped with large amounts of butter and sugar, most commonly eaten around Christmas.

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**Who acts:** Lefse · **What happens:** be, top, eat, amount · **To what, where:** Norwegian potato flatbread, Christmas, butter

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Norway». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lefse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Norway:657
# text = Lefse is a Norwegian potato flatbread, usually topped with large amounts of butter and sugar, most commonly eaten around Christmas.
1	Lefse	Lefse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	Norwegian	Norwegian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	flatbread	flatbread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	19	advmod	_	_
19	commonly	commonly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
21	around	around	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lefse | a Norwegian potato flatbread |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **top** | participle |  | a Norwegian potato flatbread *not said here* |  |  |  | with large amounts of butter and sugar; usually *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with amount=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | participle |  | a Norwegian potato flatbread *not said here* |  | Christmas |  | commonly *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **amount** |  |  | butter and sugar |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Norway», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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