---
title: Due partly to strained relations with India, Pakistan has close ties… — Pakistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Due partly to strained relations with India, Pakistan has close ties with Turkey and Iran, both focal points in its foreign policy. Who acts: Pakistan. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Pakistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Pakistan, sentence 226

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From Wikipedia, [«Pakistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Due partly to strained relations with India, Pakistan has close ties with Turkey and Iran, both focal points in its foreign policy.

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**Who acts:** Pakistan · **What happens:** strain, have · **To what, where:** close ties

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Pakistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pakistan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Pakistan:226
# text = Due partly to strained relations with India, Pakistan has close ties with Turkey and Iran, both focal points in its foreign policy.
1	Due	Due	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	strained	strain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	Pakistan	Pakistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ties	tie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
19	focal	focal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	policy	policy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | Pakistan | close ties |  |  |  | with Turkey and Iran and both focal points in issue's foreign policy | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tie=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Pakistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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