---
title: Upon the defeat of the Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties which governed… — Pakistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Upon the defeat of the Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties which governed the Kabul Valley, Gandhara, and western Punjab in the 7th to 11th centuries CE, several successive Muslim empires ruled over the region, including the Ghaznavid Empire (975–1187 CE), the Ghorid Empire, and the Delhi Sultanate (1206
---

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# Pakistan, sentence 47

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From Wikipedia, [«Pakistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Upon the defeat of the Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties which governed the Kabul Valley, Gandhara, and western Punjab in the 7th to 11th centuries CE, several successive Muslim empires ruled over the region, including the Ghaznavid Empire (975–1187 CE), the Ghorid Empire, and the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE).

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**Who acts:** Turk dynasties, several successive Muslim empires · **What happens:** govern, rule, defeat · **To what, where:** Kabul Valley, Sultanate CE, region, Turk dynasties

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Pakistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turk dynasties, several successive Muslim empires), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Pakistan:47
# text = Upon the defeat of the Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties which governed the Kabul Valley, Gandhara, and western Punjab in the 7th to 11th centuries CE, several successive Muslim empires ruled over the region, including the Ghaznavid Empire (975–1187 CE), the Ghorid Empire, and the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE).
1	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
6	Turk	Turk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Hindu	Hindu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	Shahi	Shahi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	dynasties	dynasty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	governed	govern	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Kabul	Kabul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Valley	Valley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Gandhara	Gandhara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	Punjab	Punjab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
24	7th	7th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	28	amod	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	11th	11th	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	compound	_	_
28	CE	ce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
30	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
31	successive	successive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
32	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	empires	empire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
35	over	over	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	including	including	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	Ghaznavid	Ghaznavid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
43	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	975	975	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	42	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	46	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	1187	1187	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	44	nmod	_	_
47	CE	ce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	Ghorid	Ghorid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	52	compound	_	_
52	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
56	Delhi	Delhi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	_
57	Sultanate	Sultanate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	62	compound	_	_
58	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	59	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	1206	1206	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	57	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	61	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	1526	1526	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	59	nmod	_	_
62	CE	ce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	62	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | past | the Turk dynasties | the Kabul Valley and Gandhara |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent valley=Theme |
| 2 | **rule** | past | several successive Muslim empires | Sultanate CE |  | the region |  | upon the defeat of the Turk dynasties and western Punjab in the 7th centuries CE; including the Ghaznavid Empire and the Ghorid Empire | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **defeat** |  |  | the Turk dynasties |  |  |  |  | nom defeat «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Pakistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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