---
title: Reforms in 2013 mandated Chinese language courses in Sindh, reflecti… — Pakistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Reforms in 2013 mandated Chinese language courses in Sindh, reflecting China's growing influence. Who acts: Reforms. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Pakistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Pakistan, sentence 515

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From Wikipedia, [«Pakistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Reforms in 2013 mandated Chinese language courses in Sindh, reflecting China's growing influence.

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**Who acts:** Reforms · **What happens:** mandate, reflect, grow · **To what, where:** Chinese language courses, Sindh, growing influence

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Pakistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reforms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Pakistan:515
# text = Reforms in 2013 mandated Chinese language courses in Sindh, reflecting China's growing influence.
1	Reforms	reform	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	2013	2013	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
4	mandated	mandate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	courses	course	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Sindh	Sindh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	reflecting	reflect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
12	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mandate** | past | Reforms in 2013 | Chinese language courses |  | Sindh |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reflect** | gerund | Reforms in 2013 *not said here* | China's growing influence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Pakistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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