---
title: One of the causes of the deforestation is due to mining, and the con… — Panama · tree and pragmatics
description: One of the causes of the deforestation is due to mining, and the construction of the Pan-American Highway. Who acts: One. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Panama» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Panama, sentence 250

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From Wikipedia, [«Panama»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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One of the causes of the deforestation is due to mining, and the construction of the Pan-American Highway.

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**Who acts:** One · **What happens:** be, cause, construct · **To what, where:** deforestation, Pan American Highway

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Panama». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Panama:250
# text = One of the causes of the deforestation is due to mining, and the construction of the Pan-American Highway.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	causes	cause	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	mining	mining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	Pan	Pan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	Highway	Highway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | One of the causes of the deforestation |  |  |  |  | due mining and the construction of the Pan American Highway; the construction of the Pan American Highway *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | the deforestation |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **construct** |  |  | the Pan American Highway |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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