---
title: Prior to the government operation of bus routes, Panama was served b… — Panama · tree and pragmatics
description: Prior to the government operation of bus routes, Panama was served by privately operated buses called "diablo rojos" (English: red devils), which were typically retired school buses from the United States painted in bright colors by their operators. Who acts: operated buses, red devils. A sentence o
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/335/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Panama](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/) / 335

# Panama, sentence 335

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Panama»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prior to the government operation of bus routes, Panama was served by privately operated buses called "diablo rojos" (English: red devils), which were typically retired school buses from the United States painted in bright colors by their operators.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** operated buses, red devils · **What happens:** serve, operate, call, be, paint · **To what, where:** Panama, diablo rojos, retired school buses, United States, bright colors, bus routes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Panama». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (operated buses, red devils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Panama:335
# text = Prior to the government operation of bus routes, Panama was served by privately operated buses called "diablo rojos" (English: red devils), which were typically retired school buses from the United States painted in bright colors by their operators.
1	Prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	routes	route	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	privately	privately	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	operated	operate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	diablo	Diablo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	rojos	rojo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	devils	devil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
31	typically	typically	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
32	retired	retired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
39	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	colors	color	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
43	by	by	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	operators	operator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | past · passive |  | Panama |  |  |  | prior the government operation of bus routes; by operated buses | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **operate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | privately *property* | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | participle | operated buses *not said here* | diablo rojos |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | past | red devils and retired school buses | retired school buses |  | the United States |  | typically *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **paint** | past | red devils and retired school buses |  |  | bright colors |  | by routes's operators | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent in color=Destination |
| 6 | **operate** |  |  | bus routes |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 334](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/334/)
- next →: [sentence 336](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/336/)
- ↑ back to [Panama](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/)