---
title: They had no acquired immunity to diseases such as smallpox, which ha… — Panama · tree and pragmatics
description: They had no acquired immunity to diseases such as smallpox, which had been chronic in Eurasian populations for centuries. Who acts: Scholars, smallpox. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Panama» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Panama, sentence 39

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From Wikipedia, [«Panama»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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They had no acquired immunity to diseases such as smallpox, which had been chronic in Eurasian populations for centuries.

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**Who acts:** Scholars, smallpox · **What happens:** have, acquire, be · **To what, where:** acquired immunity, Eurasian populations

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Panama». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scholars, smallpox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Panama:39
# text = They had no acquired immunity to diseases such as smallpox, which had been chronic in Eurasian populations for centuries.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	immunity	immunity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	smallpox	smallpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
15	chronic	chronic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Eurasian	eurasian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	populations	population	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Scholars *= scholar* | no acquired immunity |  |  |  | to diseases such smallpox | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent immunity=Patient |
| 2 | **acquire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **is** | past · perfect | smallpox |  |  | Eurasian populations for centuries |  | chronic *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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