---
title: Liquefied natural gas exports began in 2014, however falling prices… — Papua New Guinea · tree and pragmatics
description: Liquefied natural gas exports began in 2014, however falling prices as well as lower oil prices meant that government revenue was lower than expected. Who acts: Liquefied gas exports, lower oil prices, government revenue. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Papua New Guinea» with its dependency tree and prag
---

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# Papua New Guinea, sentence 200

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From Wikipedia, [«Papua New Guinea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Liquefied natural gas exports began in 2014, however falling prices as well as lower oil prices meant that government revenue was lower than expected.

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**Who acts:** Liquefied gas exports, lower oil prices, government revenue · **What happens:** liquefy, begin, fall, mean, be, expect · **To what, where:** 2014, prices · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Liquefied gas exports, lower oil prices, government revenue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Papua_New_Guinea:200
# text = Liquefied natural gas exports began in 2014, however falling prices as well as lower oil prices meant that government revenue was lower than expected.
1	Liquefied	liquefy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	exports	export	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	however	however	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	18	cc	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	fixed	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
15	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
16	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	revenue	revenue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	ccomp	_	_
24	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **liquefy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Liquefied gas exports |  |  | 2014 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **fall** | gerund | Liquefied gas exports *not said here* | prices |  |  |  | however *property* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient price=Result |
| 4 | **mean** | past | lower oil prices |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | government revenue |  |  |  |  | low *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **expect** | participle | government revenue *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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