---
title: Government infrastructure, including schools and airstrips, often le… — Papua New Guinea · tree and pragmatics
description: Government infrastructure, including schools and airstrips, often lead to demands for compensation from local communities, impeding development and creating local tensions. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Papua New Guinea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/281/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Papua New Guinea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/) / 281

# Papua New Guinea, sentence 281

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Papua New Guinea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Government infrastructure, including schools and airstrips, often lead to demands for compensation from local communities, impeding development and creating local tensions.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** lead, impede, create · **To what, where:** local communities, development, local tensions, Government infrastructure

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Papua_New_Guinea:281
# text = Government infrastructure, including schools and airstrips, often lead to demands for compensation from local communities, impeding development and creating local tensions.
1	Government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	including	including	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	airstrips	airstrip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	lead	lead	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	demands	demand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	compensation	compensation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	communities	community	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	impeding	impede	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
20	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	creating	create	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
23	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	tensions	tension	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present |  |  |  | local communities |  | to demands; for compensation; often *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to demand=Patient |
| 2 | **impede** | gerund |  | development |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer development=Eventuality |
| 3 | **create** | gerund |  | local tensions |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tension=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 280](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/280/)
- next →: [sentence 282](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/282/)
- ↑ back to [Papua New Guinea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/)