---
title: Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of So… — Papua New Guinea · tree and pragmatics
description: Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1976, followed later by special observer status in 1981. Who acts: Papua, observer state. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Papua New Guinea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Papua New Guinea, sentence 292

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From Wikipedia, [«Papua New Guinea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1976, followed later by special observer status in 1981.

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**Who acts:** Papua, observer state · **What happens:** be, follow · **To what, where:** observer state, Association, 1981

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Papua, observer state), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Papua_New_Guinea:292
# text = Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1976, followed later by special observer status in 1981.
1	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Association	Association	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	ASEAN	ASEAN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
19	since	since	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	1976	1976	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
23	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	status	status	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	1981	1981	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | Papua and New Guinea | a observer state |  | the Association of Southeast Asian Nations | since 1976 |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | past | a observer state *not said here* |  |  | 1981 |  | by special observer status; late *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by status=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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