---
title: Lack of automated machinery, coupled with inadequately trained local… — Papua New Guinea · tree and pragmatics
description: Lack of automated machinery, coupled with inadequately trained local technical personnel, are some of the obstacles to introducing automated machinery and design. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Papua New Guinea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Papua New Guinea, sentence 444

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From Wikipedia, [«Papua New Guinea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Lack of automated machinery, coupled with inadequately trained local technical personnel, are some of the obstacles to introducing automated machinery and design.

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**What happens:** couple, train, introduce, lack · **To what, where:** automated machinery, some

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Papua_New_Guinea:444
# text = Lack of automated machinery, coupled with inadequately trained local technical personnel, are some of the obstacles to introducing automated machinery and design.
1	Lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	automated	automated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	machinery	machinery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	coupled	couple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	inadequately	inadequately	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
10	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	personnel	personnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	introducing	introduce	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
21	automated	automated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	machinery	machinery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **couple** | participle |  | automated machinery *not said here* |  |  |  | with trained local technical personnel | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with personnel=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **train** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | inadequately *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **introduce** | gerund |  | automated machinery and design |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machinery=Patient |
| 5 | **lack** |  |  | automated machinery |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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