---
title: Significant exported minerals include gold, copper, cobalt, and nick… — Papua New Guinea · tree and pragmatics
description: Significant exported minerals include gold, copper, cobalt, and nickel. Who acts: Significant, minerals. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Papua New Guinea» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Papua New Guinea, sentence 458

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From Wikipedia, [«Papua New Guinea»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Significant exported minerals include gold, copper, cobalt, and nickel.

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**Who acts:** Significant, minerals · **What happens:** export, include · **To what, where:** gold

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Significant, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Papua_New_Guinea:458
# text = Significant exported minerals include gold, copper, cobalt, and nickel.
1	Significant	Significant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exported	export	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	cobalt	cobalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	nickel	nickel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **export** | past | Significant |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **include** | present | minerals | gold and copper and cobalt and nickel |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gold=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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