---
title: The absence of mountain ranges to provide a natural barrier allows w… — Paraguay · tree and pragmatics
description: The absence of mountain ranges to provide a natural barrier allows winds to develop speeds as high as 161 km/h. Who acts: absence, winds. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Paraguay» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Paraguay, sentence 200

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From Wikipedia, [«Paraguay»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The absence of mountain ranges to provide a natural barrier allows winds to develop speeds as high as 161 km/h.

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**Who acts:** absence, winds · **What happens:** provide, allow, develop, absent · **To what, where:** natural barrier, winds, speeds, mountain ranges

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Paraguay». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (absence, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Paraguay:200
# text = The absence of mountain ranges to provide a natural barrier allows winds to develop speeds as high as 161 km/h.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	ranges	range	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	provide	provide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	barrier	barrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	allows	allow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	develop	develop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
15	speeds	speed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	161	161	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | to-infinitive | the absence of mountain ranges *not said here* | a natural barrier |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition barrier=Theme |
| 2 | **allow** | present | the absence of mountain ranges | winds |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer wind=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **develop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | winds *not said here* | speeds |  |  |  | high *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speed=Product |
| 4 | **absent** |  |  | mountain ranges |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Paraguay», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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