---
title: During the Roman period, it was commonly known as Lutetia in Latin,… — Paris · tree and pragmatics
description: During the Roman period, it was commonly known as Lutetia in Latin, which is interpreted as either stemming from the Celtic root *lukot- ('mouse'), or from *luto- ('marsh, swamp'). Who acts: lukot. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Paris» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Paris, sentence 16

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From Wikipedia, [«Paris»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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During the Roman period, it was commonly known as Lutetia in Latin, which is interpreted as either stemming from the Celtic root \*lukot- ('mouse'), or from \*luto- ('marsh, swamp').

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**Who acts:** lukot · **What happens:** know, interpret, stem, mouse · **To what, where:** oppidum, Lutetia, Celtic root

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Paris». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lukot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Paris:16
# text = During the Roman period, it was commonly known as Lutetia in Latin, which is interpreted as either stemming from the Celtic root *lukot- ('mouse'), or from *luto- ('marsh, swamp').
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	commonly	commonly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Lutetia	Lutetia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	interpreted	interpret	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc:preconj	_	_
20	stemming	stem	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	*	*	PUNCT	NFP	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	lukot	lukot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	_
28	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
36	*	*	PUNCT	NFP	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	luto	luto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	_
39	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	marsh	marsh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
43	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · passive |  | oppidum |  |  | during the Roman period | as Lutetia in Latin; marsh  luto *parataxis*; commonly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as lutetia=Attribute |
| 2 | **interpret** | present · passive |  | Lutetia in Latin |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **stem** | gerund |  |  |  | the Celtic root |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **mouse** |  | lukot |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Paris», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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