---
title: Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as… — Paris · tree and pragmatics
description: Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr ('spear'), derived from an earlier *kwar-sā. Who acts: Pierre. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Paris» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Paris, sentence 21

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From Wikipedia, [«Paris»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr ('spear'), derived from an earlier \*kwar-sā.

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**Who acts:** Pierre · **What happens:** propose, translate, connect, derive · **To what, where:** Parisii, first element, earlier kwar sā

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Paris». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pierre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Paris:21
# text = Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr ('spear'), derived from an earlier *kwar-sā.
1	Alternatively	alternatively	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Pierre	Pierre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Yves	Yves	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	Lambert	Lambert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
7	proposed	propose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	translate	translate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	Parisii	Parisii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	',	',	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	connecting	connect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	21	amod	_	_
21	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	carr	carr	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
35	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
36	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	40	amod	_	_
37	*	*	PUNCT	NFP	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	kwar	kwar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	sā	sā	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propose** | past | Pierre |  |  |  |  | alternatively *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **translate** | to-infinitive | Pierre *not said here* | Parisii |  |  |  | as the spear people | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parisii=Patient |
| 3 | **connect** | gerund | Pierre *not said here* | the first element |  |  |  | to the Old Irish carr | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent element=Patient to carr=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **derive** | participle | Pierre *not said here* |  |  | a earlier kwar sā |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from sā=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Paris», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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