---
title: In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at N… — Paris · tree and pragmatics
description: In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Paris» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Paris, sentence 411

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From Wikipedia, [«Paris»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame.

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**What happens:** establish · **To what, where:** school, Notre Dame

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Paris». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Paris:411
# text = In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	12th	12th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	polyphony	polyphony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	Notre	Notre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Dame	Dame	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive |  | a school of polyphony |  | Notre Dame | century |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Paris», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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