---
title: Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocr… — Paris · tree and pragmatics
description: Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs. Who acts: Trouvères. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Paris» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Paris, sentence 412

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From Wikipedia, [«Paris»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs.

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**Who acts:** Trouvères · **What happens:** become, know

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Paris». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trouvères), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Paris:412
# text = Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs.
1	Among	among	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Trouvères	Trouvères	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Parisian	Parisian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	aristocrats	aristocrat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the Trouvères of northern France |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | participle | the Trouvères of northern France *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for aristocrats's poetry and songs | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Paris», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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