---
title: He sent representatives to Lima urging the Viceroy that Peru be gran… — Peru · tree and pragmatics
description: He sent representatives to Lima urging the Viceroy that Peru be granted independence, however, all negotiations proved unsuccessful. Who acts: San, Lima, negotiations. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Peru» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Peru, sentence 103

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From Wikipedia, [«Peru»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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He sent representatives to Lima urging the Viceroy that Peru be granted independence, however, all negotiations proved unsuccessful.

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**Who acts:** San, Lima, negotiations · **What happens:** send, urge, grant, prove · **To what, where:** representatives, Viceroy

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Peru». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (San, Lima, negotiations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Peru:103
# text = He sent representatives to Lima urging the Viceroy that Peru be granted independence, however, all negotiations proved unsuccessful.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	representatives	representative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	Lima	Lima	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	urging	urge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Viceroy	viceroy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	granted	grant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	however	however	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | San | representatives |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent representative=Theme |
| 2 | **urge** | gerund | Lima | the Viceroy |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent viceroy=Recipient |
| 3 | **grant** | infinitive · passive |  | the Viceroy |  |  |  | Peru *nsubj:pass*; independence *obj* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal independence=Theme |
| 4 | **prove** | past | all negotiations |  |  |  |  | however, unsuccessful *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Peru», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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